Bible Character • Old Testament
Sarah
Mother of Nations and Wife of Abraham
c. 2156-2029 BC
Sarah was Abraham's wife and the mother of Isaac, through whom God's covenant promises flowed. Though she struggled with doubt and impatience, her faith in God's impossible promise made her the mother of nations and an example of trusting God's faithfulness.
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Biography
Sarah, originally named Sarai, was Abraham's wife and also his half-sister, sharing the same father. She was exceptionally beautiful, which both blessed and endangered her throughout her life. She left her home in Ur with Abraham when God called him to Canaan, demonstrating faith by following her husband into the unknown.
Sarah's great trial was her barrenness. In a culture where a woman's worth was often measured by her ability to bear children, Sarah remained childless for decades. God promised to make Abraham into a great nation, yet year after year passed with no child. Sarah's struggle with this promise led her to take matters into her own hands.
When Sarah was about 75 years old, she proposed that Abraham have a child with her Egyptian servant Hagar, a culturally acceptable practice for producing an heir. Abraham agreed, and Hagar conceived Ishmael. Yet this human solution to fulfill God's promise created deep family strife. When Hagar became pregnant, she despised Sarah, and Sarah treated her harshly. The consequences of this decision would affect both families for generations.
When Sarah was 89 and Abraham was 99, God appeared to Abraham and changed their names from Abram and Sarai to Abraham and Sarah, meaning 'father of many nations' and 'princess' or 'mother of nations.' God specifically promised that Sarah herself would have a son. When Sarah overheard this promise, she laughed in disbelief—she was far past childbearing age and her husband was old. God challenged her laughter: 'Is anything too hard for the Lord?'
True to His word, God enabled Sarah to conceive and bear Isaac when she was 90 years old. The name Isaac means 'laughter,' and Sarah declared that God had brought her laughter—everyone who hears about this will laugh with her. The son of impossibility had arrived, proving that God's promises don't depend on human ability but on His power.
Yet motherhood didn't erase Sarah's struggles. When Isaac was weaned, Sarah saw Ishmael mocking and demanded that Abraham send away Hagar and Ishmael. Though this troubled Abraham, God told him to listen to Sarah because Isaac was the son through whom the covenant would continue. God would also make Ishmael into a nation, but the covenant promises would flow through Isaac.
Sarah died at age 127 in Hebron. Abraham mourned and wept for her, then purchased the cave of Machpelah as a burial site—the first piece of the Promised Land that Abraham actually owned. Sarah's life demonstrates that God can work through our doubts and failures, that His promises may take longer than we expect, but He is always faithful. Her faith, despite its imperfections, made her a model for all who trust in God's promises.
Key Events
Following Abraham to Canaan
When God called Abram to leave Ur and go to an unknown land, Sarai went with him. She left behind everything familiar to follow her husband and, by extension, to follow God's call, demonstrating faith and courage.
Genesis 12:1-5
Deception in Egypt and Gerar
Twice, Abraham claimed Sarah was his sister rather than his wife because of her beauty. In Egypt and later in Gerar, foreign rulers took her into their households, but God intervened to protect her and Abraham's line.
Genesis 12:10-20; Genesis 20
Hagar and Ishmael
After years of barrenness, Sarah gave her servant Hagar to Abraham to produce an heir. When Hagar conceived Ishmael, she despised Sarah, creating family strife. Sarah's attempt to fulfill God's promise through human effort led to lasting complications.
Genesis 16
Name Changed and Promise Renewed
God changed Sarai's name to Sarah, meaning 'princess' or 'mother of nations,' and promised that she specifically would bear a son. When Sarah overheard this, she laughed in disbelief, but God challenged her: 'Is anything too hard for the LORD?'
Genesis 17:15-16; Genesis 18:9-15
The Birth of Isaac
When Sarah was 90 and Abraham was 100, God fulfilled His promise by giving them Isaac. Sarah declared that God had brought her laughter, and everyone who hears will laugh with her. The impossible had become reality through God's power.
Genesis 21:1-7
Sending Away Hagar and Ishmael
When Sarah saw Ishmael mocking Isaac at his weaning celebration, she demanded Abraham send away Hagar and Ishmael. Though troubled, Abraham obeyed when God confirmed that the covenant would continue through Isaac alone.
Genesis 21:8-21
Character Traits
Lessons from Sarah's Life
- 1
God's promises may take longer to fulfill than we expect, but He is always faithful
- 2
Attempting to accomplish God's purposes through human effort creates complications
- 3
Nothing is too hard for the Lord—He can do the impossible
- 4
Imperfect faith can still be counted as righteousness through God's grace
- 5
Laughter of doubt can become laughter of joy when God fulfills His word
Questions for Reflection
- What 'impossible' promises has God made to you that seem too good to be true?
- How do you handle seasons of long waiting for God's promises to be fulfilled?
- In what areas are you tempted to 'help God' fulfill His purposes through your own efforts?
- How can Sarah's story encourage you that God works through imperfect faith?
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